真空上料機(jī)性能測(cè)試需遵循系統(tǒng)化的技術(shù)規(guī)范，重點(diǎn)涵蓋以下核心指標(biāo)及測(cè)試方法：

　　The performance testing of vacuum feeding machines should follow systematic technical specifications, focusing on the following core indicators and testing methods:

　　一、真空度與負(fù)壓穩(wěn)定性測(cè)試

　　1、 Vacuum degree and negative pressure stability test

　　極限真空度測(cè)試

　　Extreme vacuum test

　　采用真空表或真空傳感器（精度等級(jí)≤0.5% FS）連接設(shè)備進(jìn)氣口，啟動(dòng)真空泵后記錄穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)下的真空度值。測(cè)試應(yīng)持續(xù) 30 分鐘以上，確保真空度波動(dòng)不超過 ±1kPa。對(duì)于設(shè)計(jì)真空度≥-0.08MPa 的設(shè)備，實(shí)測(cè)值需達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)值的 95% 以上。

　　Connect the equipment inlet with a vacuum gauge or vacuum sensor (accuracy level ≤ 0.5% FS), start the vacuum pump, and record the stable vacuum degree value. The test should last for more than 30 minutes to ensure that the vacuum fluctuation does not exceed ± 1kPa. For equipment with a designed vacuum degree ≥ -0.08MPa, the measured value must reach 95% or more of the design value.

　　負(fù)壓保持能力測(cè)試

　　Negative pressure holding ability test

　　在達(dá)到設(shè)定真空度后關(guān)閉真空泵，監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)壓力回升速率。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求每小時(shí)壓力回升不超過 0.005MPa，特殊工況（如易燃粉體輸送）需控制在 0.003MPa 以內(nèi)。測(cè)試過程中需檢查管道、閥門等連接處的密封性，可采用肥皂水涂抹或氦質(zhì)譜檢漏儀輔助檢測(cè)。

　　After reaching the set vacuum level, turn off the vacuum pump and monitor the rate of pressure rise in the system. The standard requires that the pressure rise per hour should not exceed 0.005MPa, and special working conditions (such as flammable powder transportation) should be controlled within 0.003MPa. During the testing process, it is necessary to check the sealing of connections such as pipelines and valves. Soap water can be applied or a helium mass spectrometer leak detector can be used for auxiliary testing.

　　二、輸送效率與能耗測(cè)試

　　2、 Transportation efficiency and energy consumption testing

　　額定輸送量驗(yàn)證

　　Verification of rated conveying capacity

　　在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工況下（如環(huán)境溫度 25℃、物料含水率≤5%），連續(xù)輸送規(guī)定物料（如粒徑≤3mm 的干燥顆粒），記錄單位時(shí)間內(nèi)的輸送量。測(cè)試時(shí)間不少于 30 分鐘，取平均值作為實(shí)測(cè)輸送效率，要求達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)值的 90% 以上。對(duì)于多規(guī)格設(shè)備，需覆蓋最小和最大輸送量工況。

　　Under standard operating conditions (such as ambient temperature of 25 ℃ and material moisture content ≤ 5%), continuously transport specified materials (such as dry particles with particle size ≤ 3mm), and record the transport volume per unit time. The testing time shall not be less than 30 minutes, and the average value shall be taken as the actual measured conveying efficiency, which is required to reach more than 90% of the design value. For multi specification equipment, it is necessary to cover the minimum and maximum conveying capacity conditions.

　　能耗指標(biāo)測(cè)試

　　Energy consumption index testing

　　采用功率分析儀測(cè)量設(shè)備運(yùn)行時(shí)的輸入功率，計(jì)算單位輸送量能耗（kWh/t）。測(cè)試需分別記錄空載、50% 負(fù)載、滿載三種工況下的能耗數(shù)據(jù)，要求滿載能耗不超過設(shè)計(jì)值的 110%。對(duì)于變頻控制設(shè)備，需驗(yàn)證不同頻率下的能效曲線。

　　Use a power analyzer to measure the input power of the equipment during operation and calculate the energy consumption per unit of delivery (kWh/t). The test needs to record the energy consumption data under three working conditions: no-load, 50% load, and full load. It is required that the energy consumption at full load does not exceed 110% of the design value. For variable frequency control equipment, it is necessary to verify the energy efficiency curves at different frequencies.

　　三、物料適應(yīng)性與兼容性測(cè)試

　　3、 Material adaptability and compatibility testing

　　顆粒特性驗(yàn)證

　　Particle characteristic verification

　　針對(duì)目標(biāo)物料（如面粉、塑料顆粒），測(cè)試其堆積角、堆積密度等參數(shù)。堆積角應(yīng)≤45°，堆積密度需與設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)偏差≤±10%。對(duì)于易結(jié)塊物料，需模擬受潮狀態(tài)（含水率≤10%）測(cè)試輸送流暢性，要求無堵塞或卡料現(xiàn)象。

　　Test the stacking angle, stacking density, and other parameters of target materials such as flour and plastic pellets. The stacking angle should be ≤ 45 °, and the stacking density should deviate from the equipment design parameters by ≤± 10%. For materials that are prone to clumping, it is necessary to simulate a damp state (moisture content ≤ 10%) to test the smoothness of transportation, requiring no blockage or jamming.

　　靜電與防爆性能測(cè)試

　　Static electricity and explosion-proof performance testing

　　使用靜電測(cè)試儀測(cè)量物料在輸送過程中的靜電積累量，要求表面電位≤1kV。對(duì)于防爆型設(shè)備，需在模擬粉塵爆炸環(huán)境下（如粉塵濃度達(dá)到爆炸下限的 50%）測(cè)試系統(tǒng)密封性，確保無火花產(chǎn)生且壓力釋放裝置有效動(dòng)作。

　　Use an electrostatic tester to measure the static accumulation of materials during transportation, with a surface potential requirement of ≤ 1kV. For explosion-proof equipment, the system sealing should be tested in a simulated dust explosion environment (such as when the dust concentration reaches 50% of the lower explosive limit) to ensure that no sparks are generated and the pressure release device is effectively activated.

　　四、運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性與噪音測(cè)試

　　4、 Stability and noise testing during operation

　　空轉(zhuǎn)與負(fù)載運(yùn)行測(cè)試

　　Idle and load running test

　　空轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)行 2 小時(shí)，監(jiān)測(cè)軸承溫升（≤30K）、電機(jī)電流波動(dòng)（≤±5%）及振動(dòng)值（≤1.5mm/s）。負(fù)載運(yùn)行時(shí)，需記錄設(shè)備在最大設(shè)計(jì)負(fù)荷下連續(xù)運(yùn)行 8 小時(shí)的穩(wěn)定性，要求無異常振動(dòng)、異響或過熱現(xiàn)象。

　　Run idle for 2 hours, monitor bearing temperature rise (≤ 30K), motor current fluctuation (≤± 5%), and vibration value (≤ 1.5mm/s). During load operation, it is necessary to record the stability of the equipment running continuously for 8 hours at the maximum design load, without any abnormal vibration, noise, or overheating.

　　噪音水平檢測(cè)

　　Noise level detection

　　在距離設(shè)備 1m 處、高度 1.2m 位置，使用聲級(jí)計(jì)測(cè)量 A 計(jì)權(quán)聲壓級(jí)。測(cè)試需在空載和滿載狀態(tài)下分別進(jìn)行，要求噪音值≤85dB (A)（室內(nèi)環(huán)境）或≤90dB (A)（室外環(huán)境），并符合 GB 12348《工業(yè)企業(yè)廠界環(huán)境噪聲排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》要求。

　　Measure the A-weighted sound pressure level using a sound level meter at a distance of 1 meter and a height of 1.2 meters from the equipment. The test needs to be conducted separately under no-load and full load conditions, with a noise level of ≤ 85dB (A) (indoor environment) or ≤ 90dB (A) (outdoor environment), and in accordance with the requirements of GB 12348 "Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprise Boundary Environmental Noise".

　　五、安全與可靠性測(cè)試

　　5、 Safety and reliability testing

　　過載保護(hù)功能驗(yàn)證

　　Overload protection function verification

　　通過模擬電機(jī)過載（如堵轉(zhuǎn)）觸發(fā)保護(hù)裝置，測(cè)試響應(yīng)時(shí)間（≤0.5s）及復(fù)位功能。要求保護(hù)動(dòng)作后設(shè)備能自動(dòng)停機(jī)，且無機(jī)械損傷或電氣故障。

　　By simulating motor overload (such as stalling) triggering the protection device, test the response time (≤ 0.5s) and reset function. Require the equipment to automatically shut down after protective action, without mechanical damage or electrical failure.

　　緊急停機(jī)測(cè)試

　　Emergency stop test

　　操作急停按鈕，驗(yàn)證系統(tǒng)在 0.2s 內(nèi)切斷動(dòng)力源并保持真空狀態(tài)（保壓時(shí)間≥10 分鐘）。測(cè)試需重復(fù) 5 次，確保每次急停后設(shè)備無失控或誤動(dòng)作。

　　Operate the emergency stop button to verify that the system cuts off the power source and maintains a vacuum state within 0.2 seconds (holding time ≥ 10 minutes). The test needs to be repeated 5 times to ensure that the equipment does not lose control or malfunction after each emergency stop.

　　耐久性測(cè)試

　　Durability testing

　　進(jìn)行累計(jì)運(yùn)行 500 小時(shí)的耐久性試驗(yàn)，期間每 100 小時(shí)檢查關(guān)鍵部件（如真空泵、過濾器、閥門）的磨損情況。要求主要運(yùn)動(dòng)部件磨損量≤設(shè)計(jì)允許值的 20%，密封件無老化或泄漏。

　　Conduct a durability test with a cumulative operation of 500 hours, during which the wear of key components such as vacuum pumps, filters, and valves will be checked every 100 hours. Require the wear of the main moving parts to be less than or equal to 20% of the design allowable value, and the seals to be free from aging or leakage.

　　六、測(cè)試實(shí)施要點(diǎn)

　　6、 Key points of test implementation

　　測(cè)試條件控制

　　Test condition control

　　物料特性：需明確測(cè)試物料的名稱、粒度分布、含水率、堆積密度等參數(shù)。

　　Material characteristics: It is necessary to specify the name, particle size distribution, moisture content, bulk density, and other parameters of the tested material.

　　環(huán)境參數(shù)：記錄測(cè)試時(shí)的環(huán)境溫度、濕度、大氣壓力，確保與設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)條件一致。

　　Environmental parameters: Record the environmental temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure during testing to ensure consistency with the equipment design conditions.

　　儀器校準(zhǔn)：所有測(cè)試儀器（如真空表、聲級(jí)計(jì)、功率分析儀）需在有效期內(nèi)校準(zhǔn)，精度等級(jí)滿足測(cè)試要求。

　　Instrument calibration: All testing instruments (such as vacuum meters, sound level meters, power analyzers) must be calibrated within their validity period, and the accuracy level must meet the testing requirements.

　　數(shù)據(jù)記錄與分析

　　Data recording and analysis

　　建立測(cè)試日志，記錄每個(gè)測(cè)試項(xiàng)目的原始數(shù)據(jù)、測(cè)試時(shí)間及環(huán)境條件。

　　Establish a testing log to record the raw data, testing time, and environmental conditions for each testing project.

　　對(duì)重復(fù)性測(cè)試結(jié)果進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析，計(jì)算平均值、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差及變異系數(shù)，確保數(shù)據(jù)可靠性。

　　Perform statistical analysis on the results of repetitive testing, calculate the mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation to ensure data reliability.

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